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Owns Scotland?
Caledonia
Land Programme
Social Land Ownership
Commonweal
Papers
Land Reform Act Part 2
Guidance
Training
of Trainers
Networks of
Agents
Land reform
briefings
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Strategies of Development-oriented NGOs: Four Generations
Source: David C Korten (1990) Getting to the 21st Century –
voluntary action and the global agenda; Bookmark; ISBN 971-569-005-X
|
Generation |
First |
Second |
Third |
Fourth |
Relief and Welfare |
Community Development |
Sustainable systems
development |
People’s Movements |
| Problem definition |
shortage |
local inertia |
institutional and policy
constraints |
inadequate mobilising vision |
| Time frame |
immediate |
project life |
10 to 20 years |
indefinite future |
| Scope |
individual or family |
neighbourhood or village |
region or nation |
national or global |
| Chief actors |
NGO |
NGO + community |
all relevant public and private
institutions |
loosely defined networks of
people and organisations |
| NGO Role |
doer |
mobilizer |
catalyst |
activist/educator |
| Management orientation |
logistics management |
project management |
strategic management |
coalescing and energising
self-managing networks |
| Development education |
starving children |
community self-help |
constraining policies and
institutions |
spaceship earth |
|
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